Finite Element Analysis for Material Selection and Optimization of Frame Structures in Elevating Work Platforms

Optimization in the design phase and the selection of suitable materials for construction is the theme of this study which, using the creation of a finite element calculation model (FEA), has as its objective the construction of a telescopic arm of a work platform elevating (EWP) for agricultural use. The physical and structural characteristics of four materials were compared: aluminum alloy (EN-AW 1200), aluminum alloy (EN-AW 2014), high strength low alloy steel (HSLA) Fe275JR and HSLA S700 steel, under simu-lated operations and in compliance with the UNI EN 280 standard. Calculation simulations confirm that HSLA Steel S700 offers superior struc-tural performance in terms of strength, low deformation and high safety fac-tors, making it ideal for scenarios requiring maximum durability and load ca-pacity. The aluminum alloy (EN-AW 2014), although inferior in terms of re-sistance and deformation, but still within the limits set by the standard, has a weight less than about 60% and at the same time makes the center of gravity of the platform lower, improving maneuverability and compatibility with smaller, less powerful tractors. With the use of FEA it has been possible to develop safer and more econom-ical EWPs, with a specific focus on improving productivity and safety in ag-ricultural operations such as pruning and harvesting.