Genetic and ecological inheritance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

BackgroundThe utilization of beneficial (Rhizo) bacteria, as an alternative to traditional fertilizers, has emerged as an eco-friendly strategy for ameliorating sustainable agricultural production. This approach aims to reduce the use of agrochemicals and minimize environmental pollution.ScopeThis review provides an updated insight into the ecological impact of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), focusing on the resident microbiome and its potential transferability to the next generation of plants.ConclusionIn this context, PGPR are assumed to alter the rhizosphere microbiome by outcompeting the existing taxa through nutrient deprivation, acidification of the environment, metabolites production, and consequently, increasing the copiotrophic taxa. Such modifications can maximize the beneficial interactions of plant-PGPR by increasing the bioavailability of nutrients and handling diverse signaling pathways. The effects of interactions within the PGPR-root system can adjust the composition of root exudates and influence the release of bioactive molecules by the root, especially under stress conditions, which can act as signals to reactivate and recruit the beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere and endosphere in favor of the plants. Such changes in microbiome structure can occur gradually over time, even if the survival rate of PGPR in soil and their re-colonization efficiency inside plant tissue are limited. The aforementioned modifications in the rhizosphere and plant microbiome have the potential to increase the survival chances of the progeny plants growing under the same stress conditions. Establishing a comprehensive and robust knowledge framework that addresses all of these issues is critical for significantly advancing the field of microbe-plant interactions and for developing reliable applications of PGPR.