"Renewable and Non-Renewable Electricity Consumption, Carbone Emission and GDP: Case of Tunisia".

According to many studies, renewable energy (electricity) has one of the most significant cost-effective potentials for reducing energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Increasing the supply of renewable energy would allow for the replacement of carbon –intensive energy source and significantly reduce polluant emission. The major focus of this article is to investigate empirically the causal relationship between renewable and non renewable electricity consumption, GDP and CO2 emission in the case of Tunisia. Tunisian small and medium-sized entreprises use renewable energy to reduce pollution and their costs, in particular chemical sector. The difficulties that SMEs may encounter in adapting to environmental protection imperatives are linked to the lack of funding, since the fixed costs of environmental technologies remain high for it. The data used in this study are covering the period 1980 to 2015, we used the model time series for Tunisia country, the result provide empirical evidence that there is a short-run bidirectional causality between GDP, renewable electricity consumption and CO2 emission, and between non renewable electricity consumption, GDP and renewable electricity consumption. As for the long-run causal relationship, the result indicate that there is bidirectional causality between non renewable electricity consumption and CO2 emission. This paper is organized as follow : The introductory section,section; Reviews the related litterrature, section; Provides the renewable energy in Tunisia; Describe the data and the econometric model and we report our empirical finding.