An efficient and highly sustainable Ullmann-type homocoupling of bromo- and chloroarenes, including the more challenging electron-rich chloroarenes (e.g., 4-chloroanisole), catalyzed by in situ generated Pd colloids, is carried out in aqueous medium under relatively mild conditions (temperatures ranging from 40 to 90 C). Glucose is used as a clean and renewable reductant,while tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) acts as base, surfactant, and phasetransfer agent, creating a favorable environment for the catalyst. Pd nanoparticle sizes, morphology, and chemical composition are ascertained by TEMand XPS analyses.
Glucose as clean and renewable reductant in the Pd-nanoparticles-Catalyzed Reductive Homocoupling of bromo- and chloro-aryls in water
MONOPOLI A
;CIMINALE, Francesco;COTUGNO P;CIOFFI, NICOLA;NACCI, Angelo
2010-01-01
Abstract
An efficient and highly sustainable Ullmann-type homocoupling of bromo- and chloroarenes, including the more challenging electron-rich chloroarenes (e.g., 4-chloroanisole), catalyzed by in situ generated Pd colloids, is carried out in aqueous medium under relatively mild conditions (temperatures ranging from 40 to 90 C). Glucose is used as a clean and renewable reductant,while tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) acts as base, surfactant, and phasetransfer agent, creating a favorable environment for the catalyst. Pd nanoparticle sizes, morphology, and chemical composition are ascertained by TEMand XPS analyses.File in questo prodotto:
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