La genotossicità del biossido di titanio tra risk assessment e precauzione

This case note comments on the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 1 August 2025 (Joined Cases C-71/23 P and C-82/23 P, France and Commission v CWS), which upheld the annulment of the classification of titanium dioxide as a category 2 carcinogen by inhalation under the CLP Regulation. It reconstructs the European regulatory framework, distinguishing classification from the ban on titanium dioxide as a food additive (E171) and from the rules on cosmetics, and compares selected non-European jurisdictions. It argues that risk regulation entails value choices, whose legitimacy requires transparent and participatory decision-making.