A Histological Protocol to Assess the Reproductive Biology of the Black Coral Antipathella Subpinnata

Antipathella subpinnata is a black coral species with Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution, capable of forming dense forests at mesophotic depths, thereby providing essential ecological goods and services. Limited data are available on its reproductive biology and ecology. Understanding the reproductive patterns of this species is pivotal for effective conservation strategies. This study proposes a histological protocol for the treatment of A. subpinnata samples previously preserved in ethanol, aiming to restore the internal morphology of the polyps and consequently improve the detection of internal structures and the investigation of the reproductive traits of each polyp. The success of this protocol in A. subpinnata suggests its potential applicability to other black corals, providing a valuable tool for ecological and biological research.