New potential BCA from table grape microbial community for Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) management

In this work, the antagonistic activity of members of table-grape microbial community, isolated from Apulia and Sicily, and the registered Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (D747), Bacillus subtilis (QST713), T. atroviridae SC1, T. asperellum ICC012 and T. gamsii ICC080 was assessed against Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) associated pathogens Neofusicoccum parvum, Eutypa lata, Diplodia seriata, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium minimum, Diaporthe neoviticola. In dual culture assay, almost all Trichoderma strains differently affected the growth of tested pathogens, showing greater effectiveness than T. gamsii ICC080 and T. asperellum ICC012, and similar activity to T. atroviridae SC1. Previously, Aphanocladium album MX95 showed a deadlock at mycelial contact with F. mediterranea. Clonostachys rosea GP80 inhibited the growth of P. minimum. B. amyloliquefaciens (D747) and B. subtilis (QST713) showed a limited effectiveness against N. parvum and E. lata. Furthermore, the ability of the BCA to produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was evaluated. All the Trichoderma tested were effective against P. chlamydospora, C. destructans and P. minimum. The Trichoderma strains FV145 and FV185 were the best performant, showing similar activity to T. atroviridae SC1. The growth of C. destructans and P. chlamydospora was affected by A. album and C. rosea. B. amyloliquefaciens (D747) showed a moderate effectiveness against P. chlamydospora, C. destructans and P. minimum, while B. subtilis (QST713) light reduced the growth of P. chlamydospora and C. destructans. Moreover, Trichoderma TCH4 altered the colour of N. parvum and D. seriata mycelia. These results highlight the potential of native microorganisms as effective biocontrol agents against GTDs.