Periodontal inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease

Periodontitis is a common occurrence in maintenance hemodialysis patients, characterized by susceptibility and a high degree of comorbidity. A significant proportion of hemodialysis patients suffer chronic inflammation due to their increased susceptibility to diseases, and many inflammatory reactions may originate from other sites, including graft or fistula infections, not biocompatible dialysis membrane, dialysate, endotoxin exposure, back filtration. Individuals with periodontitis display an increased production of CRP (1-3,15,50,54). The findings that periodontal inflammation intensifies the release of positive immunoregulatory cytokines have critical repercussions for systemic health. Although the role of periodontal infection in promoting systemic inflammation is widely considered, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms behind the relationship between periodontitis and hemodialysis condition is only partially understood, which requires further studies. Periodontal disease, a chronic and infectious inflammatory disease that leads to the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth and includes local inflammation, can induce a systemic inflammatory response, which is associated with increased C-reactive protein (CRP) level.