Il Nietzsche di Ricœur e l’eredità ermeneutica del “sospetto”

This paper reconstructs the origin and choice of the term Befindlichkeit, analyzing the Heideggerian course Fundamental Concepts of Aristotelian Philosophy (1924). In the first step, the importance of the question is motivated within the Heidegger path. Later, philological aspects are addressed, showing how the term Befindlichkeit is coined as a translation of three different Greek terms (diathesis, pathos, hedone) and then acquires autonomous thickness, to indicate the emotional situation of Dasein. Finally, we focus on what could be called "the pathe of authenticity": eudaimonia (i.e. the telos) and phobos ( necessary for an authentic decision): emotional tonalities that seem one of the most interesting deliveries of the Heideggerian scenario.

One of Ricoeur's legacies is the expression “school of suspicion”, indicating (jointly and distinctly) Marx, Nietzsche and Freud. However, this formula was not “invented” by Ricoeur, but by Nietzsche. This is an oddity. Indeed, Ricoeur never worked monographically on Nietzsche, although in his work the French philosopher disseminated precious insights on the German thinker. Hence the questions: is it possible to speak of a Ricoeurian interpretation of Nietzsche? What is its specificity? This essay will present both the published texts, and the Courses (still unpublished) in which references to the German thinker appear. And it will show that what unifies this path is precisely the logic of suspicion, reconsidered through the phenomenological topos of “reduction”: reduction of the illusions of consciousness, tropological reduction, and genealogical reduction. This also tells us that, according to Ricoeur, suspicion is never only deconstructive criticism, but is always also archaeological deciphering and a proposal for (therapeutic, teleological) liberation.