Microcephaly-Capillary Malformation Syndrome

Microcephaly-capillary malformation is a relatively new syndrome, which has been reported since 2011 by three different research groups. It is an ultra-rare syndrome characterized by the co-occurrence of microcephaly and multiple capillary malformations in the skin, distal limb anomalies (ranging from nail dystrophy to total absence of one or more phalanxes and mostly localized in the foot), facial dysmorphisms, brain structural anomalies (reduced gyration, widened axial spaces, thin cortex, optic nerve atrophy), early-onset severe intractable epilepsy, and profound mental delay. Autosomal recessive mutations in STAMBP gene (2p13.1) have been reported as the only cause of the disorder, with a high penetrance. Currently, no definitive cure is available for the disorder, and treatment is mainly based on multiple antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of seizures, especially in the first years of life. Data on life-long concerns have not been reported, the older patient described so far being an 8-year-old boy.