Thermally annealed gold nanoparticles for surface-assisted laser desorption ionisation–mass spectrometry of low molecular weight analytes

Metal nanomaterials have emerging role in surface-assisted laser desorption ionisation–mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) providing a useful tool to overcome some limitations intrinsically related to the use of conventional organic matrices in matrix-assisted LDI-MS. In this contribution, the possibility to use a stainless steel-supported gold nanoparticle (AuNP) film as a versatile platform for SALDI-MS was assessed. Sacrificial anode electrosynthetic route was chosen in order to obtain morphologically controlled core–shell AuNPs; the colloidal AuNPs were, thereafter, drop cast onto a stainless steel sample plate and the resulting AuNP film was thermally annealed in order to improve its effectiveness as LDI-MS promoter. Spectroscopic characterization of the nanostructured film by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was crucial for understanding how annealing induced changes in the surface chemistry and influenced the performance of AuNPs as desorption/ionisation promoter. In particular, it was demonstrated that the post-deposition treatments were essential to enhance the AuNP core/analyte interaction, thus resulting in SALDI-MS spectra of significantly improved quality. The AuNP films were applied to the detection of three different classes of low molecular weight (LMW) analytes, i.e. amino acids, peptides and LMW polymers, in order to demonstrate the versatility of this nanostructured material.