In this paper, outcomes stemming from computational linguistics tecniques application are set out in order to highlight the pivotal role of the French neuropathologist J.M. Charcot, in building a highly scientific language, that of neurology. The current analysis is carried out through the application of a linguistic pro- cessor to an extensive corpus of neurology-specific works, being performed by Charcot in the second half of the nineteenth century, and composed of roughly 400,000 words. A comparison is, thus, made between the lexicon grasped from such corpus and the texts produced by Duchenne de Boulogne and Jules Dejerine, written respectively 25 years prior to and after Charcot’s work.