The essay analyzes the complex process of ecological and energy transition within the European Union and the Italian legal system, focusing on the strategic role and competences of the Regions in promoting Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In light of recent geopolitical and macroeconomic crises (such as the pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict) which have highlighted the fragility of systems dependent on fossil fuels, the development of clean energy has become a priority both for environmental sustainability reasons and for security of supply. The investigation focuses on the legal-administrative criticalities arising from the distribution of legislative and planning competences between the State and local authorities following the reform of Title V of the Constitution. Although environmental protection falls under exclusive state competence, the case law of the Constitutional Court has progressively recognized the "transversal" nature of the matter, thereby legitimizing regional intervention within the framework of concurrent legislative power regarding energy. The contribution examines the various authorization regimes and the complex procedures of regulatory simplification and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), which are often slowed down by jurisdictional conflicts and the need to balance the maximum deployment of plants with the safeguarding of the landscape and cultural heritage.
Il saggio analizza il complesso processo di transizione ecologica ed energetica all'interno dell'Unione europea e dell'ordinamento italiano, focalizzandosi sul ruolo strategico e sulle competenze delle Regioni nella promozione delle Fonti Energetiche Rinnovabili (FER). A fronte delle recenti crisi geopolitiche e macroeconomiche (quali la pandemia e il conflitto russo-ucraino) che hanno evidenziato la fragilità dei sistemi dipendenti dai combustibili fossili, lo sviluppo dell'energia pulita è divenuto prioritario sia per ragioni di sostenibilità ambientale sia per la sicurezza degli approvvigionamenti. L'indagine si concentra sulle criticità giuridico-amministrative derivanti dalla ripartizione delle competenze legislativo-programmatiche tra Stato ed enti territoriali alla luce della riforma del Titolo V della Costituzione. Nonostante la tutela dell'ambiente sia competenza esclusiva statale, la giurisprudenza della Corte costituzionale ha progressivamente riconosciuto la natura "trasversale" della materia, legittimando l'intervento regionale nell'ambito della concorrente potestà in materia di energia. Il contributo esamina i diversi regimi autorizzativi e le complesse procedure di semplificazione normativa e di Valutazione di Impatto Ambientale (VIA), spesso rallentati da conflitti di attribuzione e dalla necessità di bilanciare la massima diffusione degli impianti con la salvaguardia del paesaggio e dei beni culturali.
Energie rinnovabili: un’ottica sostenibile per il futuro regionale
Stefania Cavaliere
2026-01-01
Abstract
The essay analyzes the complex process of ecological and energy transition within the European Union and the Italian legal system, focusing on the strategic role and competences of the Regions in promoting Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In light of recent geopolitical and macroeconomic crises (such as the pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict) which have highlighted the fragility of systems dependent on fossil fuels, the development of clean energy has become a priority both for environmental sustainability reasons and for security of supply. The investigation focuses on the legal-administrative criticalities arising from the distribution of legislative and planning competences between the State and local authorities following the reform of Title V of the Constitution. Although environmental protection falls under exclusive state competence, the case law of the Constitutional Court has progressively recognized the "transversal" nature of the matter, thereby legitimizing regional intervention within the framework of concurrent legislative power regarding energy. The contribution examines the various authorization regimes and the complex procedures of regulatory simplification and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), which are often slowed down by jurisdictional conflicts and the need to balance the maximum deployment of plants with the safeguarding of the landscape and cultural heritage.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
