Therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells for noncommunicable diseases

Purpose: The progressive increase in life expectancy has been accompanied by a growing burden of chronic degenerative noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), with major consequences for quality of life and healthcare systems. This scenario underscores the need for innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving organ function and metabolic homeostasis. Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) have emerged as a promising tool in regenerative medicine due to their multipotency, immunomodulatory properties, and paracrine activity. Methods: We reviewed available preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of ASCs in chronic noncommunicable diseases. The analysis focused on ASC biology, mechanisms of action, and current clinical applications, with particular attention to metabolic and endocrine disorders, while also considering cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, neurodegenerative, and other chronic degenerative conditions. Results: Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that ASCs may contribute to tissue repair and functional recovery through differentiation capacity and paracrine signaling, including anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and cytoprotective effects. In metabolic and endocrine diseases, ASCs have shown potential to improve insulin sensitivity, support pancreatic function, and mitigate chronic metabolic complications. Additional therapeutic applications have been explored in osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, chronic intestinal and liver diseases, and age-related tissue degeneration, although the strength of clinical evidence varies across indications. Conclusions: ASCs represent a promising regenerative strategy for chronic degenerative NCDs, particularly in the metabolic and endocrine setting. However, clinical translation remains limited by heterogeneous evidence, regulatory challenges, and the need for standardized protocols and well-designed clinical trials.