Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis for the Ranking of Circular Economy Indicators in Tourism Destinations

This study explores circular economy (CE) indicators in tourism by applying a multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework to rank indicators for sustainable and circular development. A comparative case study of two Italian Mediterranean regions was conducted with three key objectives: identifying a comprehensive set of CE indicators, ranking them hierarchically to prioritize CE alternatives, and testing MCDA application in tourism. The study's novelty lies in its holistic assessment and methodological approach. A total of 36 indicators—environmental, social, and governance-infrastructure—were analyzed, revealing regional differences in ranking and weighting, though some social and governance similarities emerged. The findings indicate that a universal CE strategy is ineffective; instead, tailored approaches are needed. This research provides valuable insights for tourism managers, policymakers, and stakeholders, offering a structured framework to enhance sustainable and circular tourism planning and promotion.