Exploring barriers and drivers of sustainable energy behaviour among vulnerable groups: insights from a Norwegian community through the lens of social capital theory

Decentralised energy allows communities to become self-sufficient, economically viable, and less reliant on fossil fuels. This study examines the factors that enable and hinder sustainable energy practices, especially among vulnerable groups. Ten narrative interviews were conducted in a neighbourhood in Trondheim, Norway, that is affected by energy vulnerability. Through the lens of social capital theory, this research aims to identify the main barriers and drivers influencing the adoption of sustainable energy practices (with community energy projects as one possible pathway), particularly among vulnerable groups. The interviews revealed several key factors, including a sense of belonging to the community, access to social and financial resources, knowledge and awareness about sustainable behaviour and environmental issues, practical communication tools, awareness of national policies, trust in project leaders, transparency in project plans, and institutional structure. These factors serve as barriers and drivers for changing energy consumption behaviours. The findings highlight the significance of economic and environmental awareness, trust-building, and transparent governance in fostering community engagement. Enhancing participation through inclusive communication methods, such as community meetings and digital tools, can empower citizens to collectively address energy challenges. A holistic approach, integrating financial, political, educational, and social measures, is recommended to reduce energy vulnerability and facilitate the transition to more sustainable and equitable community energy projects.