Overcoming Resistance in Anderson–Fabry Disease: Current Therapeutic Challenges and Future Perspectives

Anderson–Fabry disease (AFD) remains a therapeutic challenge despite advances in early diagnosis and the availability of enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs). While early initiation of therapy can mitigate disease progression, resistance mechanisms—such as the development of anti-drug antibodies—limit the efficacy of current treatments, particularly in patients with severe genetic variants. Chaperone therapy provides a targeted option for a subset of patients, yet significant gaps remain in treating those with complete enzyme deficiency. This perspective article explores the existing therapeutic landscape and reflects on emerging treatments, such as mRNA and gene therapies, which hold promise for overcoming the resistance mechanisms. By addressing the limitations of current pharmacological options and considering future innovations, this article aims to outline the path forward for more effective and personalized treatment strategies in Anderson–Fabry disease.