The Imaging of Primary Fallopian Tube Carcinoma: A Literature Review

Simple Summary Primary Fallopian tube carcinomas (PFTCs) are rare gynecological malignancies that are notoriously challenging to diagnose at an early stage due to their nonspecific symptoms and their resemblance to ovarian cancer. This review consolidates current knowledge on their clinical presentation and diagnostic approaches, with specific emphasis on strategies of imaging for the early identification of the disease. By synthesizing existing evidence, we highlight how enhanced diagnostic awareness and refined imaging protocols can improve early detection. These findings aim to improve the recognition of early-stage Fallopian tube malignancies, thereby advancing patient care and guiding future research in gynecologic oncology.Abstract Primary Fallopian tube carcinomas (PFTCs) are rare malignancies that are often misclassified as ovarian cancers due to overlapping clinical and pathological features. This frequent misdiagnosis contributes to the under-recognition of PFTCs, which account for a larger proportion of pelvic malignancies than historically reported. The central aim of this literature review is to highlight the critical importance of and methods for achieving an early diagnosis of Fallopian tube cancer, to improve patient outcomes. We classify benign and malignant fallopian tube neoplasms and evaluate the essential role of clinical evaluation and advanced imaging techniques, considering especially ultrasound, MRI, and PET-CT, in achieving an accurate and timely diagnosis. While histopathology remains the gold standard, imaging is pivotal for differentiating benign from malignant tubal lesions. This review details clinical manifestations, diagnostic pitfalls, and the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to management. We conclude that advancing early detection through refined diagnostic criteria is essential to guiding effective, patient-specific therapeutic interventions.