Special Economic Zones (ZES) and Simplified Logistic Zones (ZLS) represent strategic industrial policy instruments designed to foster territorial development, attract investment, and modernize logistic infrastructures. Since 2017, the Italian legal system has introduced these two parallel models, governed by distinct regulatory frameworks and subject to ongoing evolution, which culminated in the establishment of the ZES unica (single SEZ) for Southern Italy in 2024. At the core of both regimes lies the ‘autorizzazione unica’ (single authorization), a comprehensive administrative measure that replaces a multiplicity of permits and enables the adoption of urban planning variations. This article, after outlining the European and national regulatory framework, analyzes and compares the single authorization procedure in the two models, highlighting their respective strengths and weaknesses. By integrating empirical data on the performance of the ZES unica and reviewing recent case law, the paper demonstrates how the central role of the Port System Authorities within the ZES framework ensures greater procedural efficiency and legal certainty. The study concludes with a critical reflection on the case of the Tuscan and Ligurian ZLS and advances reform proposals aimed at enhancing the effectiveness and competitiveness of ZLSs, aligning them with best European practices.
Le Zone Economiche Speciali (ZES) e le Zone Logistiche Semplificate (ZLS) rappresentano strumenti strategici di politica industriale volti a promuovere lo sviluppo territoriale, attrarre investimenti e modernizzare le infrastrutture logistiche. L'ordinamento italiano, a partire dal 2017, ha introdotto parallelamente questi due modelli, caratterizzati da discipline normative distinte e oggetto di una continua evoluzione, culminata con l'istituzione della ZES unica per il Mezzogiorno nel 2024. Il cuore di entrambi i regimi risiede nella procedura di autorizzazione unica, un provvedimento onnicomprensivo che sostituisce una pluralità di atti amministrativi e consente l'adozione di varianti urbanistiche. Il presente contributo, dopo aver delineato il quadro normativo europeo e nazionale, analizza e confronta la disciplina dell'autorizzazione unica nei due modelli, evidenziandone i rispettivi punti di forza e di debolezza. Attraverso l'integrazione di dati empirici sulla performance della ZES unica e l'analisi di recenti pronunce giurisprudenziali, il saggio dimostra come la centralità delle Autorità di Sistema Portuale nel modello ZES garantisca maggiore efficienza procedimentale e certezza giuridica. Il lavoro si conclude con una riflessione critica sul caso delle ZLS ligure e toscana e avanza proposte di riforma per rendere le ZLS strumenti più efficaci e competitivi, allineandole alle migliori pratiche europee.
L'AUTORIZZAZIONE UNICA NELLE ZONE ECONOMICHE SPECIALI E NELLE ZONE LOGISTICHE SEMPLIFICATE, ANALISI COMPARATA E PROSPETTIVE DI RIFORMA
ugo patroni griffi
2025-01-01
Abstract
Special Economic Zones (ZES) and Simplified Logistic Zones (ZLS) represent strategic industrial policy instruments designed to foster territorial development, attract investment, and modernize logistic infrastructures. Since 2017, the Italian legal system has introduced these two parallel models, governed by distinct regulatory frameworks and subject to ongoing evolution, which culminated in the establishment of the ZES unica (single SEZ) for Southern Italy in 2024. At the core of both regimes lies the ‘autorizzazione unica’ (single authorization), a comprehensive administrative measure that replaces a multiplicity of permits and enables the adoption of urban planning variations. This article, after outlining the European and national regulatory framework, analyzes and compares the single authorization procedure in the two models, highlighting their respective strengths and weaknesses. By integrating empirical data on the performance of the ZES unica and reviewing recent case law, the paper demonstrates how the central role of the Port System Authorities within the ZES framework ensures greater procedural efficiency and legal certainty. The study concludes with a critical reflection on the case of the Tuscan and Ligurian ZLS and advances reform proposals aimed at enhancing the effectiveness and competitiveness of ZLSs, aligning them with best European practices.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


