The Standards Essential Patents and the inevitable tensions between the ius excludendi of the patent holder, on the one hand, and the right of users to access to competitive markets, on the other, have so far been addressed by the EU Commission according to a soft law approach, based on the development of opinions and guidelines and on the concomitant referral to (or reliance on) the self-regulatory capabilities of standard setters organizations (SSOs) who have been entrusted with the development of FRAND’s (fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory) clauses. This approach, however, has highlighted all its limits over time, as demonstrated by the high level of litigation between SEPs holders and user operators and the consequent regulatory uncertainties which have suggested the adoption of a different hard law approach by the EU Commission, summarized in the proposal for a European Regulation on standard essential patents (so-called SEP Reg., proposal COM(2023-23) final). The essay, starting from the doctrinal and jurisprudential elaboration on the subject of SEP and FRAND clauses, will have as its object the analysis of the new regulatory framework soon to be introduced; the reflection will be focused on the planned procedure for verifying the essentiality of patents, in order to evaluate the actual ability of the proposed rules to prevent phenomena of abuse of a dominant position, as well as phenomena of hold-out and royalty stacking. The study aims to do a reflection on the rules regarding the procedure for determining FRAND clauses in order to verify their regulatory aptitude from an antitrust perspective, as well as their actual nature of hard law or rather of mere and minimal regulatory framework of the non-monopolistic use of SEPs.
Gli Standard Essential Patents e le inevitabili tensioni tra lo ius excludendi del titolare del brevetto, da un lato, e il diritto degli utilizzatori ad accedere ai mercati concorrenziali, dall’altro, sono state affrontate fino ad ora dalla Commissione UE secondo un approccio di soft law, fondato sulla elaborazione di pareri e linee guida e sul concomitante rinvio alle (o fiducia sulle) capacità autoregolatorie di standard setterss di categoria (SSOs) cui è stata rimessa la elaborazione di clausole generali FRAND (fair, reasonable, and non discriminatory). Tale approccio, tuttavia, ha evidenziato nel tempo tutti i suoi limiti, come provato dall’elevato contenzioso tra detentori di SEP e loro utilizzatori e dalle conseguenti incertezze regolatorie che hanno suggerito l’adozione di un differente approccio di hard law da parte della Commissione UE, compendiato nella proposta di Regolamento europeo sui brevetti essenziali (cd. Reg.to SEP, proposta COM(2023-23) final). Il saggio, partendo dalla elaborazione dottrinale e giurisprudenziale in tema di SEP e di clausole FRAND, avrà per oggetto l’analisi del nuovo quadro normativo di prossima introduzione; la riflessione sarà concentrata sulla prevista procedura di verifica della essenzialità dei brevetti, al fine di valutare la effettiva capacità delle regole proposte di prevenire fenomeni di abuso di posizione dominante, oltre che fenomeni di hold-out o di royalty stacking. Lo studio avrà ad oggetto altresì una riflessione sulle norme relative al procedimento di determinazione delle clausole FRAND al fine di verificare la loro attitudine regolatoria in ottica antitrust, nonché la loro effettiva natura di hard law o piuttosto di mero e minimale perimetro normativo dell’uso non monopolistico dei SEP.
Gli Standard Essential Patents (SEPs) e le clausole FRAND: alla ricerca di un delicato equilibrio alla luce della proposta del cd. Regolamento europeo SEP
Sporta Caputi
2025-01-01
Abstract
The Standards Essential Patents and the inevitable tensions between the ius excludendi of the patent holder, on the one hand, and the right of users to access to competitive markets, on the other, have so far been addressed by the EU Commission according to a soft law approach, based on the development of opinions and guidelines and on the concomitant referral to (or reliance on) the self-regulatory capabilities of standard setters organizations (SSOs) who have been entrusted with the development of FRAND’s (fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory) clauses. This approach, however, has highlighted all its limits over time, as demonstrated by the high level of litigation between SEPs holders and user operators and the consequent regulatory uncertainties which have suggested the adoption of a different hard law approach by the EU Commission, summarized in the proposal for a European Regulation on standard essential patents (so-called SEP Reg., proposal COM(2023-23) final). The essay, starting from the doctrinal and jurisprudential elaboration on the subject of SEP and FRAND clauses, will have as its object the analysis of the new regulatory framework soon to be introduced; the reflection will be focused on the planned procedure for verifying the essentiality of patents, in order to evaluate the actual ability of the proposed rules to prevent phenomena of abuse of a dominant position, as well as phenomena of hold-out and royalty stacking. The study aims to do a reflection on the rules regarding the procedure for determining FRAND clauses in order to verify their regulatory aptitude from an antitrust perspective, as well as their actual nature of hard law or rather of mere and minimal regulatory framework of the non-monopolistic use of SEPs.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


