Well-Being in Italy: A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis Beyond GDP

The aim of this work is to analyze the variables responsible for long stays in patients with cardiovascular diseases to monitor the health of patients and better manage the financial resources of health facilities in relation to this problem. The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development indicators were developed to address the global economic, social and environmental crisis. These measures of sustainability aim to go beyond the traditional reliance on Gross Domestic Product as the only measure of prosperity. The Italian National Institute of Statistics collects indicators of societal well-being first using the Equitable and Sustainable Well-Being indicators and later adapting the system developed by the United Nations known as the Sustainable Development Goals. While the Equitable and Sustainable Well-Being System is specific to the Italian territory, the Sustainable Development Goals System is suitable for measuring and comparing sustainability at international level. We considered Environment, Economic well-being and Society of the Equitable and Sustainable Well-Being domains according to a three-way holistic framework. In this contest we put all Sustainable Development Goals indicators on this specific Equitable and Sustainable Well-Being domains to analyze Italy at regional level. Specifically, we used two independent methodologies: Fuzzy c-medoids clustering algorithm and Principal Component Analysis to investigate and to ranking each Italian Region in selected Equitable and Sustainable Well-Being domains. Our research provides a comprehensive overview of Italy’s status in these Equitable and Sustainable Well-Being dimensions and provides valuable insights for local and national stakeholders, researchers and policy makers to identify regional challenges and formulate targeted intervention measures. The regional ranking resulting from our analyses for the Equitable and Sustainable Well-Being/Sustainable Development Goals areas is a valuable tool for measuring and monitoring progress towards these goals, facilitating ongoing monitoring and evaluation of progress, highlighting areas for improvement and guiding targeted interventions.