The article provides a systematic analysis of the Single ZES Authorisation, the cornerstone administrative-simplification tool adopted by the Italian legislator to boost investment in Special Economic Zones (SEZs). It first traces the legislative evolution from the eight regional SEZs (2017-2023) to the unified Southern Italian SEZ (effective 1 January 2024), a reform that almost doubled authorisations and raised authorised investments to €3.2 billion within fifteen months . The paper then explores four distinctive features of the authorisation: its full substitutive effect on all permits, its automatic urban-planning variance, a fast-track synchronous conference-of-services procedure, and the extension of tacit assent to bodies safeguarding sensitive interests . Recent rulings of the Campania Administrative Tribunal (nos. 4226/2025 and 1087/2025) are examined for clarifying, respectively, the separation between planning charges and permit validity, and the compulsory inclusion of the Single Environmental Authorisation as an internal phase . Finally, the article evaluates the constitutional balance between decision-making speed and protection of public interests, noting that the Council of State now upholds tacit assent mechanisms even in environmentally or heritage-sensitive areas, provided procedural safeguards are in place
Il saggio esamina in chiave sistematica l’Autorizzazione Unica ZES quale strumento‐cardine di semplificazione amministrativa introdotto dal legislatore per favorire gli investimenti nelle Zone Economiche Speciali. Dopo aver ripercorso l’evoluzione normativa dalle otto ZES regionali (2017-2023) alla ZES Unica del Mezzogiorno (in vigore dal 1° gennaio 2024) – riforma che ha quasi raddoppiato le autorizzazioni rilasciate e portato gli investimenti a 3,2 mld € in poco più di un anno – l’autore ne analizza i quattro profili qualificanti: natura sostitutiva integrale dei titoli, efficacia di variante urbanistica, procedimento in conferenza di servizi «sincrona» e silenzio-assenso esteso alle amministrazioni portatrici di interessi sensibili . Particolare attenzione è dedicata alle recenti pronunce del TAR Campania (nn. 4226/2025 e 1087/2025) che hanno precisato, rispettivamente, la separazione tra legittimità del titolo e oneri concessori e l’inquadramento dell’Autorizzazione Unica Ambientale come endoprocedimento obbligatorio . Sul piano teorico, il lavoro discute il delicato bilanciamento fra esigenze di rapidità decisionale e tutela degli interessi costituzionali, evidenziando come la giurisprudenza più recente del Consiglio di Stato abbia legittimato l’applicazione del silenzio-assenso anche nei settori “sensibili”, purché sorretto da adeguate garanzie procedural
L’AUTORIZZAZIONE UNICA ZES TRA SEMPLIFICAZIONE AMMINISTRATIVA E TUTELA DEGLI INTERESSI PUBBLICI, PROFILI CRITICI E ORIENTAMENTI GIURISPRUDENZIALI
Ugo Patroni Griffi
2025-01-01
Abstract
The article provides a systematic analysis of the Single ZES Authorisation, the cornerstone administrative-simplification tool adopted by the Italian legislator to boost investment in Special Economic Zones (SEZs). It first traces the legislative evolution from the eight regional SEZs (2017-2023) to the unified Southern Italian SEZ (effective 1 January 2024), a reform that almost doubled authorisations and raised authorised investments to €3.2 billion within fifteen months . The paper then explores four distinctive features of the authorisation: its full substitutive effect on all permits, its automatic urban-planning variance, a fast-track synchronous conference-of-services procedure, and the extension of tacit assent to bodies safeguarding sensitive interests . Recent rulings of the Campania Administrative Tribunal (nos. 4226/2025 and 1087/2025) are examined for clarifying, respectively, the separation between planning charges and permit validity, and the compulsory inclusion of the Single Environmental Authorisation as an internal phase . Finally, the article evaluates the constitutional balance between decision-making speed and protection of public interests, noting that the Council of State now upholds tacit assent mechanisms even in environmentally or heritage-sensitive areas, provided procedural safeguards are in placeI documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


