Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Autism and Oral Health (misdiagnosis, comorbidity, and maternal PTSD)- the impact of ongoing conflicts and stressful events on autistic children and their families – 2019

The Syrian conflict, which began in 2011, has had devastating effects on the country's infrastructure, particularly in the health and education sectors, leaving vulnerable populations such as children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families at heightened risk. This study investigates the intersection of ASD and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the context of ongoing conflict, focusing on misdiagnosis, comorbidity, and the impact of maternal PTSD on children with autism. A randomized sample of 57 children (aged 1–12 years) from refugee camps, NGOs, and psychological aid centers in Damascus and its suburbs was analyzed. Semi-structured interviews, clinical histories, and PTSD screenings were conducted for both children and their mothers. Key findings reveal significant misdiagnosis among the study participants, with only 2 out of 28 uncertain cases definitively identified as typical ASD. Among the 31 children with confirmed ASD, 11 (35.5%) exhibited clear PTSD symptoms, with a notable gender disparity (only 1 female). Additionally, 70% of children aged 1–6 years had mothers diagnosed with maternal PTSD, none of whom received adequate treatment. The study highlights a potential link between maternal PTSD and the development of ASD in offspring, as well as the cyclical relationship between maternal mental health and child development. The results underscore the urgent need for improved diagnostic tools, integrated treatment approaches, and maternal mental health support in conflict zones. The study calls for increased collaboration between researchers, healthcare providers, and policymakers to address the unique challenges faced by children with autism and their families in crisis settings. By raising awareness of the intersection of autism and trauma, this research aims to motivate national and international organizations to take action to support these vulnerable populations.