The Interplay Between Oral-Gut Microbiome and Bone Health: A Comprehensive Review

This review encapsulates a holistic exploration of the interconnected realms of the gut microbiome (GM), bone health, interleukins, chronic periodontitis, and COVID-19. It begins by elucidating the intricate relationship between the GM and bone health, detailing the composition, functions, and influential factors shaping this dynamic ecosystem. The narrative seamlessly transitions into the intersection of the GM and bone metabolism, highlighting nutrient absorption, microbial metabolites, specific bacteria, and immune system modulation. Experimental evidence solidifies the significant impact of the GM on bone health, showcasing the dynamic role of microbial metabolites and specific bacterial strains. The analysis then delves into the complex relationship between interleukins, chronic periodontitis, and COVID-19, emphasizing genetic intricacies and immune responses dictating susceptibility and severity in viral infections. Chronic periodontitis emerges as a gateway to understanding systemic dysbiosis, with genetic variants, dysbiosis, and therapeutic strategies providing insights into risk assessment and potential interventions. The proposed paradigm shift in therapeutic strategies focuses on the negative impact of dysbiosis, immune system dynamics, and endocrine balance, offering a novel approach to managing degenerative and infectious diseases. In conclusion, this review navigates through the complexities of human physiology, weaving a narrative that connects diverse elements into a holistic understanding, providing a foundation for ongoing research and emphasizing the need for continued exploration into the intricate interplay of genetics, immune responses, and systemic health.