About the extraction of surface produced ions in negative ion sources

State-to-state non-equilibrium plasma kinetics is widely used to characterize cold molecular and reentry plasmas. The approach requires a high level of dynamical information, and demands a large effort in the creation of complete databases of state-resolved cross sections and rate coefficients. Recent results, emphasizing the dependence of elementary process probability on both the vibrational and rotational energy content of the H 2 molecule, are presented for those channels governing the microscopic collisional dynamics in non-equilibrium plasmas, i.e. electron-impact induced resonant processes, vibrational deactivation and dissociation in atom-diatom collisions and atomic recombination at the surface. Results for H 2 plasmas, i.e. negative ion sources for neutral beam injection in fusion reactors, RF parallel-plate reactors for microelectronics, atmospheric discharges and the shock wave formed in the hypersonic entry of vehicles in planetary atmosphere for aerothermodynamics, are discussed. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.