Sovranità Monetaria nell'era digitale: criptovalute, monete digitali e il futuro delle banche centrali

The paper examines the expansion of cryptocurrencies, focusing on their ideological roots, the risks they pose to state sovereignty, and the diverse government responses. Cryptocurrencies, strongly influenced by ideologies of decentralization and financial freedom, have reshaped the financial landscape. However, their impact raises concerns about states' ability to regulate the economy, tax financial operations, and combat illicit activities. States are responding to this phenomenon with a wide range of policies, spanning from stringent regulations to the adoption of government-backed cryptocurrencies (CBDCs). CBDCs represent an attempt to provide a regulated alternative to cryptocurrencies, enabling states to maintain control over monetary policy. This study provides an analysis of this global financial phenomenon, essential for understanding the future of economic systems and the challenges of monetary sovereignty in the digital age.