Conversion of CO2 to fuels

This article presents the state of the art and perspectives in the conversion of CO2 into energy products, implementing a Carbon Cyclic Economy strategy. Two conditions are essential for the reduction of CO2 using technologies on stream: (1) Energy necessary for CO2 reduction must come from C-free perennial energy sources (Solar, Wind, Hydro, Geothermal-SWHG), and (2) H2 must be produced from water using SWGH energy. In most innovative systems, hydrogen is not produced, and CO2 and water are co-processed to afford energy-products and oxygen, mimicking natural processes. A variety of products are targeted, from C1 species (CO, CH4, CH3OH) to C2 þ products that may be produced on a large scale. Several technologies can be applied for such conversion.