Ageing research has focused on pathological processes that lead to cognitive decline, such as Alzheimer's disease, while Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (CIND) has received less attention. The study's goal was to identify the diagnostic standards used in the development of CIND as well as the major risk factors for its conversion and progression to dementia. Scopus was searched for literature published up to October 2023 using keywords, MeSH, and Emtree entries, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines for search structure, eligibility requirements, and selection processes. CIND is significantly more heterogeneous than other cognitive classifications, with dementia being only a clear exclusion criterion. Neuropsychiatric, vascular, social, and comorbidity factors are all risk factors for progression from CIND to dementia. This review highlights the critical importance of standardised methodologies in CIND research. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies using consistent diagnostic criteria to further our understanding of CIND and its progression to dementia
A systematic review of standard diagnostic criteria for Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (CIND), risk factors and conversion rates
Ernesto Toma;Ilaria Pepe
2023-01-01
Abstract
Ageing research has focused on pathological processes that lead to cognitive decline, such as Alzheimer's disease, while Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (CIND) has received less attention. The study's goal was to identify the diagnostic standards used in the development of CIND as well as the major risk factors for its conversion and progression to dementia. Scopus was searched for literature published up to October 2023 using keywords, MeSH, and Emtree entries, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines for search structure, eligibility requirements, and selection processes. CIND is significantly more heterogeneous than other cognitive classifications, with dementia being only a clear exclusion criterion. Neuropsychiatric, vascular, social, and comorbidity factors are all risk factors for progression from CIND to dementia. This review highlights the critical importance of standardised methodologies in CIND research. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies using consistent diagnostic criteria to further our understanding of CIND and its progression to dementiaI documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
