Country-of-origin image and consumer brand evaluation: a meta-analytic review

Purpose - This study aims to draw on cue utilization and irradiation theories to: determine the extent to which country-of-origin image and its sub-dimensions exert an aggregate and relative influence on consumer brand evaluations; and identify the contextual and methodological factors that account for between-study variance in the focal relationship.Design/methodology/approach - A random-effects model was used to examine 166 empirical articles encompassing 499,563 observations, and 282 effect sizes from 1984 to 2020 using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.Findings - Results show that country-of-origin image has a positive, moderate effect on consumer brand evaluations. Moreover, findings reveal that each dimension of country-of-origin image - general country image, general product country image, specific product country image and partitioned country image - significantly influences consumer brand evaluation, but the effect of general product country image is the largest. What's more, the aggregate impacts of country-of-origin image on consumer brand evaluation - brand commitment, brand-specific associations and general brand impressions - show that the effect on brand commitment is the largest. Finally, findings show that contextual factors (brand source, product sector, culture [individualism vs collectivism], brand origin continents and respondents' continent) and methodological factors (cues, sampling unit, publication year and sample size) significantly account for between-study variance.Originality/value - This study provides the first meta-analytic review of the relationship between country-of-origin image and consumer brand evaluation to help clarify mixed findings and balance out the literature, which has only seen quantitative reviews on product evaluation and purchase decisions.