Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Cardiovascular Disease: The Dark Side of the Monoclonal Anti-Body Therapy against Cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies (MOABs) that release the brake on T cell activation, thus, leading to efficient killing of cancer cells. Different types of ICIs are available and comprise MOABs directed against programmed cell death protein (PD-1), its associated ligand (PDL-1), or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), which represent co-inhibitors immune checkpoints, thus, blocking the T-cell mediated anti-tumor response. Therapy with ICIs is currently used in patients with melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and metastatic breast cancer, respectively [...].