Targeted Diode Laser Therapy for Oral and Perioral Capillary-Venous Malformation in Pediatric Patients: A Prospective Study

Background: This study describes the management protocol for capillary-venous malformations in pediatric patients and reports the epidemiology of diagnosed and treated cases at the Unit of Odontostomatology of the Aldo Moro University of Bari from 2014 to 2022. Methods: The authors classified the intraoral and perioral capillary-venous malformations by superficial diameter (<1 cm, 1-3 cm, >3 cm) and ultrasonographical depth extension (<= 5 mm, >5 mm). All patients underwent pulsed-mode diode laser transmucosal photocoagulation (8-12 W/cm(2)); those with malformations that were wide (>3 cm) and deep (>5 mm) received intralesional photocoagulation, too (13 W/cm(2)). The children received general anesthesia based on their compliance and lesions' extension. The follow-up lasted six months. Results: A total of 22 females and 14 males (age range 4-18 years) presented 63 capillary-venous malformations. Five patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome, seven with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and five with angiomatosis showed multiple malformations. The authors found no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Seventeen patients with lesions >1 cm and >5 mm deep required multiple laser sessions to heal. Conclusion: The results of the current study support diode laser photocoagulation as the gold standard for the treatment of intraoral and perioral capillary-venous malformations in pediatric patients.