EXOSOMES: PROMISING NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TOOLS

This minireview provides a summary of an emerging topic of biomedical research, such as exosomes in healthcare safety. Exosomes are a group of extracellular vesicles released by human cells involved in a number of physiologic processes, but also in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. These vesicles are secreted from a variety of cell types, carry a number of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and can mediate cell-cell communication. Also, they are present and can be isolated from many tissues and perhaps all biological fluids, including blood, urine, sweat, sperm, ascites fluid, bile, etc. Their properties, such as immune modulation, regeneration promotion and pathogen suppression, indicate that exosomes should be considered as a new important clinical biomarker and the majority of the current literature evidence predicts that they will become an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool in personalized healthcare.