OBJECTIVES The diagnosis of oral cancer causes anxiety and fear to the patient undergoing to the surgery under general anesthesia, and could affect negatively the peri-operative period rising blood pressure and heart rate. Music therapy (MT) is a therapeutic approach that uses sounds and music’s features to treat sickness and suffering caused by physical and/or psychic diseases. Further-more, receptive methods of MT are useful in the surgical setting. The aim of this study is to com-pare the effects of preoperative receptive MT to premedication by midazolam, during oral oncologic surgery procedures in general anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS 25 patients, at least 18 years old, affected by stage I or II (both clinically and instrumentally N0) micro-invasive oral cancer, without auditory deficit, negative clinical history for drug abuse, psychiatric disorders or dementia, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) risk between 1 and 3, were enrolled. Pre-operative assessment was performed through standard blood tests, electrocardiogram, panoramic radiogram, high definition intra-oral ultrasonography (to measure tumor depth in millimeters), magnetic resonance imaging and anesthesiological visit. Before general anesthesia, patients were randomized between two groups: Music Group, which received preoperative receptive MT according to modified guided imagery and music technique, by a qualified music therapist; Control Group, which received pre-medication by intravenous midaz-olam 0.2 mg/kg. General anesthesia was associated to local anesthesia by carbo-caine, a short onset molecule, and bupivacaine, a long offset molecule, in order to reduce the dose of neuro-depressant drug. Depth of sedation (measured with a scale ranging from 0 to 100 reported by bi-spectral index-BIS monitor), level of satisfaction with surgical experience (Patient Global Impression of Satisfaction score), level of anxiety (Anxiety-Vi-sual Analogic Scale, A-VAS score) and vital parameters (heart rate and blood pressure) were compared between groups. RESULTS 12 patients had tongue cancer, 11 cheeks cancer and 2 lips carcino-ma. Groups did not differ in sex, mean age, ASA risk, duration of surgery, pre-operative A-VAS score, depth of sedation, heart rate and blood pressure (measured both when patient entered in operative room and before in-ducing general anesthesia), but pre-operative receptive MT provided more satisfaction with surgical experience than premedication by midazolam: 72.27% of Music Group referred the maxi-mum satisfaction, against the 14.28% of Control Group (p = 0.015%). CONCLUSIONS Receptive MT, provided by a qualified music therapist, is a non-in-vasive method, free from adverse effects, safe in day surgery, which can improve assistance in onco-logical patient, and it’s desirable that it becomes the gold standard treatment for these patients. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE MT provides a valid not-pharma-cologic tool to reduce anxiety in patients that undergo surgical excision of oral cancer in general anesthesia, in order to cure people and their diseases.
OBIETTIVI La diagnosi di malattia oncologica orale provoca ansia e paura nel paziente che deve sottoporsi a intervento chirurgico in anestesia generale, con il rischio di ripercussioni negative quali l’aumento della pressione arteriosa e della frequenza cardiaca durante il periodo peri-operatorio, in genere tenute sotto controllo tramite premedicazione farmacologica. La musicoterapia (MT) è un approccio terapeutico che impiega il suono e la musica per rispondere a disagio e sofferenza causati nei pazienti da patologie fisiche e/o psichiche. Questo studio ha l’obiettivo di confrontare l’efficacia della MT recettiva pre-operatoria rispetto alla premedicazione con midazolam, negli interventi di chirurgia orale oncologica in anestesia generale. MATERIALI E METODI Sono stati reclutati 25 pazienti, con età superiore a 18 anni, affetti da carcinoma orale iniziale di I e II stadio (N0 clinico e strumentale), senza deficit uditivi, anamnesi negativa per abusi di droghe, disturbi psichiatrici e/o demenza e con rischio anestesiologico valutato secondo l’American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) compreso tra 1 e 3. La valutazione pre-operatoria è stata condotta con esami ematochimici, elettrocardiogramma, ortopantomografia, ecografia intraorale ad alta definizione (per misurare la profondità di infiltrazione in mm), risonanza magnetica nucleare e consulenza anestesiologica. Prima di essere sottoposti ad anestesia generale, i pazienti sono stati randomizzati in due gruppi: Gruppo Musica, che ha ricevuto MT recettiva pre-operatoria a opera di un musicoterapeuta qualificato; Gruppo Controllo, che ha ricevuto premedicazione con midazolam 0,2 mg/kg EV. L’anestesia generale è stata associata ad anestesia locale con mepivacaina, molecola a onset breve, e bupivacaina, molecola a offset lungo, per ridurre la dose di farmaci neuro-deprimenti. Sono stati confrontati tra i 2 gruppi profondità di sedazione (mediante valore da 0 a 100 indicato dal monitor bi-spectral index – BIS), grado di soddisfazione per l’esperienza chirurgica (punteggio del questionario Patient Global Impression of Satisfaction), livello di ansia (punteggio Anxiety-Visual Analogic Scale, A-VAS) e parametri vitali (frequenza cardiaca e pressione arteriosa). RISULTATI In totale, 25 pazienti sono stati inseriti nello studio: 12 avevano un carcinoma della lingua, 11 un carcinoma della mucosa geniena, 2 del labbro. I gruppi non differivano significativamente per sesso, età media, rischio ASA, durata degli interventi, punteggio A-VAS pre-operatorio, profondità di sedazione, frequenza cardiaca e pressione arteriosa (misurate sia all’ingresso sia prima di indurre l’anestesia generale); tuttavia, la MT recettiva pre-operatoria, rispetto alla premedicazione con midazolam, ha suscitato una maggiore soddisfazione nei confronti dell’esperienza chirurgica: il 72,27% del Gruppo Musica ha espresso la massima soddisfazione contro il 14,28% del Gruppo Controllo (p = 0,015%). CONCLUSIONI La MT recettiva, a opera di un musicoterapeuta qualificato, è un intervento di supporto all’anestesia generale non invasivo, senza effetti collaterali, sicuro in day surgery, che può migliorare l’assistenza al paziente oncologico per il quale sarebbe auspicabile che diventasse gold standard. SIGNIFICATO CLINICO La MT fornisce uno strumento non farmacologico valido per ridurre l’ansia nei pazienti che si sottopongono a escissione di carcinoma orale in anestesia generale, con l’obiettivo di curare le persone oltre che la malattia.
Preoperative receptive music therapy in oral oncologic surgery: Preliminary study
Sorrentino I.;Giordano F.;Capodiferro S.;Limongelli L.;Puntillo F.;Brienza N.;Favia G.
2020-01-01
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The diagnosis of oral cancer causes anxiety and fear to the patient undergoing to the surgery under general anesthesia, and could affect negatively the peri-operative period rising blood pressure and heart rate. Music therapy (MT) is a therapeutic approach that uses sounds and music’s features to treat sickness and suffering caused by physical and/or psychic diseases. Further-more, receptive methods of MT are useful in the surgical setting. The aim of this study is to com-pare the effects of preoperative receptive MT to premedication by midazolam, during oral oncologic surgery procedures in general anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS 25 patients, at least 18 years old, affected by stage I or II (both clinically and instrumentally N0) micro-invasive oral cancer, without auditory deficit, negative clinical history for drug abuse, psychiatric disorders or dementia, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) risk between 1 and 3, were enrolled. Pre-operative assessment was performed through standard blood tests, electrocardiogram, panoramic radiogram, high definition intra-oral ultrasonography (to measure tumor depth in millimeters), magnetic resonance imaging and anesthesiological visit. Before general anesthesia, patients were randomized between two groups: Music Group, which received preoperative receptive MT according to modified guided imagery and music technique, by a qualified music therapist; Control Group, which received pre-medication by intravenous midaz-olam 0.2 mg/kg. General anesthesia was associated to local anesthesia by carbo-caine, a short onset molecule, and bupivacaine, a long offset molecule, in order to reduce the dose of neuro-depressant drug. Depth of sedation (measured with a scale ranging from 0 to 100 reported by bi-spectral index-BIS monitor), level of satisfaction with surgical experience (Patient Global Impression of Satisfaction score), level of anxiety (Anxiety-Vi-sual Analogic Scale, A-VAS score) and vital parameters (heart rate and blood pressure) were compared between groups. RESULTS 12 patients had tongue cancer, 11 cheeks cancer and 2 lips carcino-ma. Groups did not differ in sex, mean age, ASA risk, duration of surgery, pre-operative A-VAS score, depth of sedation, heart rate and blood pressure (measured both when patient entered in operative room and before in-ducing general anesthesia), but pre-operative receptive MT provided more satisfaction with surgical experience than premedication by midazolam: 72.27% of Music Group referred the maxi-mum satisfaction, against the 14.28% of Control Group (p = 0.015%). CONCLUSIONS Receptive MT, provided by a qualified music therapist, is a non-in-vasive method, free from adverse effects, safe in day surgery, which can improve assistance in onco-logical patient, and it’s desirable that it becomes the gold standard treatment for these patients. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE MT provides a valid not-pharma-cologic tool to reduce anxiety in patients that undergo surgical excision of oral cancer in general anesthesia, in order to cure people and their diseases.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.