Efficacy of afoxolaner for the treatment of ear mite infestation under field conditions

Otodectes cynotis is a commonly occurring surface mite that can be easily transmitted between suitable hosts, including dogs, causing otocariosis. The activity of the systemic insecticide afoxolaner against O. cynotis has been tested once under experimental conditions, showing a high efficacy. The present study aimed to i) assess the efficacy of two consecutive monthly oral administrations of afoxolaner (NexGard®) against O. cynotis in naturally infested dogs under field conditions and ii) evaluate its impact in reducing bacteria or fungal secondary infections. Dogs, positive for O. cynotis (n = 20), were included in the study and allocated in two groups of ten animals each (G1, control group, and G2, treated group). The first group of ear mite-infested dogs was treated with a placebo, while afoxolaner was administered orally to the second group of dogs at Day 0 (D0) and Day 30 (D30), following label instructions. Otoscopic assessments, deep-swab method and swab samples were performed on all dogs (Days 0, 30, 42) to evaluate the presence or absence of live mites and their number throughout the study, as well as to conduct bacterial and fungal assessments. No adverse events likely related were recorded throughout the study. By Day 42 (D42), all dog's ears were flushed to recover ear mites. All treated dogs became negative, as well as two dogs of the control group. The treatment efficacy of afoxolaner was 100 % based on the arithmetic means of the live mite counts. The clinical scores did not change significantly in the control group, whereas they significantly improved in the treated one from D0 to D30 (p-value = 5.47 10−5). No live mites were present in the afoxolaner-treated group at D42 (p-value = 0.00073). In this field study, two oral administrations of afoxolaner at the recommended dose allowed a complete cure of the infestation. Bacterial and Malassezia pachydermatis infections were detected in both groups, although no significant trend was associated to the ear mite treatment.