Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a systemic zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum (Paltrinieri et al. 2010), i.e. endemic in more than 70 countries (Solano-Gallego et al. 2011). There is evidence of spread to traditionally non-endemic areas such as North America (Gaskin et al. 2002, Duprey et al. 2006) and, especially, northern European countries such as the UK (Teske et al. 2002, Shaw et al. 2009, Geisweid et al. 2012, Maia & Cardoso 2015, Silvestrini et al. 2016, Medlock et al. 2018). Increases in the number of CanL cases in the UK might well be associated with increased importation of dogs into the UK, often involving dogs rescued from southern or eastern Europe (Norman et al. 2020, Traversa 2020). CanL is a common cause of glomerulonephritis (GN), which can cause proteinuria and may progress to renal failure (Zatelli et al. 2003, Aresu et al. 2013, dos Santos et al. 2013, Koutinas & Koutinas 2014). Azotaemia due to renal impairment has been described frequently in dogs with leishmaniosis and some dogs may present with severe renal failure alone, which might ultimately be fatal (Slappendel 1988, Ferrer 1992, Ciaramella et al. 1997, Koutinas et al. 1999, De Freitas et al. 2012, Foglia Manzillo et al. 2013, Ribeiro et al. 2013). However, whilst proteinuria is commonly recognised at the time of diagnosis, renal azotaemia is reported to be a rare clinical finding (Zatelli et al. 2003, Planellas et al. 2009, Paltrinieri et al. 2016, Meléndez-Lazo et al. 2018). The Canine Leishmaniosis Working Group (CLWG) was formed in November 2005 to develop a science-based consensus for management of CanL. Since then, several papers on diagnosis, clinical classification, treatment, prognosis and prevention of the disease have been developed (Maroli et al. 2010, Oliva et al. 2010, Paltrinieri et al. 2010, Roura et al. 2013). The aim of the current manuscript is to explore the relationship between Leishmania spp. infection and kidney disease in dogs and create guidelines for veterinarians to assist with management of those cases that develop renal disease. These guidelines are based on existing references and/or the experience of the CLWG members; however, veterinary clinicians should critically evaluate their potential applicability when approaching cases of CanL.
Canine leishmaniosis and kidney disease: Q&A for an overall management in clinical practice
Zatelli A.
2020-01-01
Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a systemic zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum (Paltrinieri et al. 2010), i.e. endemic in more than 70 countries (Solano-Gallego et al. 2011). There is evidence of spread to traditionally non-endemic areas such as North America (Gaskin et al. 2002, Duprey et al. 2006) and, especially, northern European countries such as the UK (Teske et al. 2002, Shaw et al. 2009, Geisweid et al. 2012, Maia & Cardoso 2015, Silvestrini et al. 2016, Medlock et al. 2018). Increases in the number of CanL cases in the UK might well be associated with increased importation of dogs into the UK, often involving dogs rescued from southern or eastern Europe (Norman et al. 2020, Traversa 2020). CanL is a common cause of glomerulonephritis (GN), which can cause proteinuria and may progress to renal failure (Zatelli et al. 2003, Aresu et al. 2013, dos Santos et al. 2013, Koutinas & Koutinas 2014). Azotaemia due to renal impairment has been described frequently in dogs with leishmaniosis and some dogs may present with severe renal failure alone, which might ultimately be fatal (Slappendel 1988, Ferrer 1992, Ciaramella et al. 1997, Koutinas et al. 1999, De Freitas et al. 2012, Foglia Manzillo et al. 2013, Ribeiro et al. 2013). However, whilst proteinuria is commonly recognised at the time of diagnosis, renal azotaemia is reported to be a rare clinical finding (Zatelli et al. 2003, Planellas et al. 2009, Paltrinieri et al. 2016, Meléndez-Lazo et al. 2018). The Canine Leishmaniosis Working Group (CLWG) was formed in November 2005 to develop a science-based consensus for management of CanL. Since then, several papers on diagnosis, clinical classification, treatment, prognosis and prevention of the disease have been developed (Maroli et al. 2010, Oliva et al. 2010, Paltrinieri et al. 2010, Roura et al. 2013). The aim of the current manuscript is to explore the relationship between Leishmania spp. infection and kidney disease in dogs and create guidelines for veterinarians to assist with management of those cases that develop renal disease. These guidelines are based on existing references and/or the experience of the CLWG members; however, veterinary clinicians should critically evaluate their potential applicability when approaching cases of CanL.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
