Mast cells as a double edged sword in immunity: Disorders of mast cell activation and therapeutic management. second of two parts

Background: Mast cells (MCs) bear many receptors that allow them to respond to a variety of exogenous and endogenous stimuli. However, MC function is dual since they can initiate pathological events or protect the host against infectious challenges. Involvement of Mast Cells in Various Diseases: The role of MCs in disease will be analyzed in a broad sense, describing cellular and molecular mechanisms related to their involvement in autoinflammatory diseases, asthma, autoimmune diseases and cancer. On the other hand, their protective role in the course of bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections will also be illustrated. Therapeutic Approaches: As far as treatment of MC-derived diseases is concerned, allergen immunotherapy as well as other attempts to reduce MC-activation will be outlined according to the recent data. Finally, in agreement with current literature and our own data polyphenols have been demonstrated to attenuate type I allergic reactions and contact dermatitis in response to nickel. The use of polyphenols in these diseases will be discussed also in view of MC involvement.