Motion analysis in sport training: the link between technology and pedagogy

Sport is an increasingly popular phenomenon among people probably due to the parallel evolution of the methods of development of physiological, technical and strategic capacities. People who play sports have learned to pay more and more attention to the loads they put on their bodies. This is because it is know that excessive loads during workouts can increase the risk of injuries. As the benefits of sport activity manifest themselves in many fields like in disability, in the presence of clinical pathologies, for recovery prison and especially in schools, it cannot be considered as simple gymnastics, since it involves physical, psychological, and cultural aspects and for these reasons we now increasingly speak of sport pedagogy. Many definitions have been proposed for the word training but all of them are almost always incomplete. This because training is to be understood as a complex pedagogical process in which various factors come into play such as, for example, motor, physical, technical, tactical but above all psychological, neurobiological and social factors. The aim of training is to describe, quantify and evaluate human movement. The analysis of human movement provide information about different aspects of a specific motor task (such as walking, jumping and running), through measuring instruments like cameras or sensors. These allow to obtain quantitative and qualitative descriptions of the observed sport gesture. The purpose of this review is to analyse how the motion analysis, through its different technologies, can help in the description and characterization of sport and training intended as pedagogical processes.