Exercise and Apulian hypocaloric diet affect adipokine changes and gastric banding-induced weight loss: a prospective study on severe obese subjects

Background: Adiponectin and Resistin correlate with Insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk, respectively. This study aimed to identify lifestyle factors that modulate changes in Adiponectin and Resistin levels after gastric banding positioning (LapGB). Materials and Methods: Before (T0), 3 months (T3), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12) after LapGB, serum Adiponectin and Resistin levels were evaluated in a single-centre prospective study including a cohort of 27 non-diabetic obese subjects (S-Ob, BMI ≥35 Kg/m2). After surgery, a dietitian checked the adherence of S-Ob to an Apulian hypocaloric diet (aphypoD)/physical activity (phA) and, according to their high or low compliance to aphypoD/phA, S-Ob were included in group 1 (n=14) or 2 (n=13) respectively. Serum Adiponectin and Resistin were also measured in 10 healthy controls. Results: At baseline, Resistin levels were significantly higher and Adiponectin levels significantly lower in S-Ob than in controls. After surgery, group 1 showed a 50.2 % excess weight loss (%EWL), significantly decreased Resistin levels at T12 and increased Adiponectin levels at both T6 and T12 as compared with baseline. Group 2 showed 24.6 %EWL at T12, decreased Adiponectin levels at T6 and T12 as compared with baseline, but unaltered Resistin levels. After surgery, group 1 followed aphypoD/phA, while group 2 did not. Conclusions: LapGB fails to improve cardiovascular risk markers (Resistin) in S-Ob not improving lifestyle. Future studies might investigate these findings in a larger cohort and display whether aphypoD is more effective than other dietary intervention on cardiovascular risk in subjects undergoing LapGB or other Bariatric procedures.