FLAG-Ida Regimen as Bridge Therapy to Allotransplantation in Refractory/Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients

Allotransplant is crucial for improving survival in refractory/first relapsed AML patients. An overall response was achieved in 48 patients (44% of the whole group) with FLAG-Ida chemotherapy approach. 24 of 48 responders underwent allotransplantation obtaining a median OS of 60 months. Background Patients with primary refractory or first relapse acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are considered to have worse clinical outcomes after treatment. For these patients, the achievement of complete remission appears crucial for them to be able to undergo allotransplantation, which might be the only possible treatment. Patients and Methods We used the FLAG-Ida (fludarabine, cytarabine [cytosine arabinoside], granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, idarubicin) regimen in patients with primary refractory/first relapse AML as a bridge to transplantation. We studied its efficacy in terms of overall response and overall survival to assess which variables (age, lactate dehydrogenase, bone marrow blast count, peripheral blood blast count, platelet count, white blood cell count, de novo or secondary AML, molecular-cytogenetic risk, duration of response, and relapsed or refractory disease) might have an effect on outcome. Results We analyzed the data from 108 consecutive adult patients (52 males, 66 females; median age, 49 years; range, 17-72 years) with newly diagnosed AML refractory to standard induction regimens or relapse after first complete remission, who had received the FLAG-Ida protocol as salvage therapy from January 2005 to December 2015. An overall response was achieved in 48 patients (44%). On multivariate analysis, the variables with a positive effect on the response rate were molecular-cytogenetic risk (P =.009), duration of first response in relapsed AML (P =.003), AML status (relapsed or refractory; P =.047), and peripheral blood blast count (P =.016). On multivariate analysis, overall survival was significantly associated with FLAG-Ida response (hazard ratio, 0.343; P =.001) and receipt of allotransplantation (hazard ratio, 0.277; P <.001). Conclusion Our data seem to confirm the value of FLAG-Ida in this setting and might suggest its best usage as bridge therapy for patients awaiting allotransplantation.