Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant as an Adjunct Weapon for Severe and Refractory Uveitis in Behçet's Disease

Background: The evidence on the use of dexamethasone implants in the treatment of Behçet’s disease (BD)-related uveitis is limited to a few cases. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone implants on ocular functional, morphological, and clinical parameters in BD patients with severe refractory uveitis. Methods: Five eyes from five BD patients were enrolled. A single intravitreal dexamethasone injection was applied to each eye. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) assessed with optical coherence tomography, retinal vasculitis assessed by fluorescein angiography, vitreous haze score (Nussenblatt scale), intraocular pressure (IOP), and lens status (LOCS III, Lens Opacities Classification System III) were recorded at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 month follow-up visits. Results: At baseline, all eyes showed marked macular edema and 4/5 had concomitant active retinal vasculitis. Mean BCVA was increased from baseline at each control visit with a mean improvement of 0.26 ± 0.18 lines at 6 months follow-up. Mean CMT decreased from baseline at each control visit with a mean improvement at 6 months follow-up of 198.80 ± 80.08 µm. At the end of the study, none of the eyes showed macular edema and the mean CMT was 276.80 ± 24.94 µm. Retinal vasculitis resolved in all eyes. One eye experienced an IOP spike during treatment that resolved spontaneously, and one eye developed a clinically significant lens opacity at 6 months follow-up. Conclusions: Treatment with a dexamethasone implant in BD-uveitis and inflammatory macular edema was safe and effective as an additional treatment combined with systemic immunomodulatory drugs.