Primary surgical cytoreduction in advanced ovarian cancer: An outcome analysis within the MITO (Multicentre Italian Trials in Ovarian Cancer and Gynecologic Malignancies) Group

Objective To draw a reliable picture of the surgical management of advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) within the MITO Group, trying to correlate the disease extent at presentation, the category of center, and surgical outcome. Methods Three tertiary referral centers for gynecologic oncology and four non-oncologic referral gynecologic surgical centers, participated in the project. A questionnaire was adopted to register perioperative data on AOCs (FIGO Stage IIIC-IV) consecutively operated on for a period of 12 months. Results A total of 205 patients were registered into the study: 140 and 65 were recruited in oncological referral centers and non-referral centers, respectively. Following a multivariate analysis, the Eisenkop score and the category of center resulted the most potent predictors of complete surgical cytoreduction followed by PCI, preoperative CA125, and ASA score. Complete surgical cytoreduction was associated with oncological referral centers (60% vs 24.6%, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients undergoing additional surgical procedures was significantly different comparing the two categories of centers (at least one additional procedure was performed in 81.4% vs 50.8% in oncological referral centers compared to the others, p < 0.001). Despite the more aggressive surgery performed in oncological referral centers, the perioperative outcome measures were not significantly different in the two groups. Conclusions The chance of obtaining a complete cytoreduction mainly depends on patient characteristics, tumor spread, and quality of treatment. The latter is amenable for direct influence, and therefore, seems to be of utmost importance when considering efforts aiming at improvement in the outcome of this disease.