Evaluation of concordance between labeling and content of 52 hair dye products: Overview of the market of oxidative hair dye

Background: Hair dyes contain strong allergens and are widely available. Correct labelling is a necessity in order to provide information about the contents. Objectives: To compare the labelling and content of hair dyes. Materials and methods: In total, 52 hair dyes, from 11 different countries, were bought over the counter. High-pressure liquid chromatography was used for the analysis of p-phenylenediamine (PPD), toluene-2,5-diamine (2,5-TDA), and three oxidation products of PPD. Results: There was good agreement between labelling and content, although seven of the 52 products (13.5%) studied were incorrectly labelled. There were differences in the geographical use of PPD and 2,5-TDA; 2,5-TDAwas more common in European products, while PPDwas more common in products purchased outside Europe andwas present in higher concentrations. Conclusion: All dyes purchased in Europe contained PPD and 2,5-TDA at levels within the limits defined by European legislation, however, levels were higher in some products purchased outside Europe. Only a small group of hair dyes sold in Europe were mislabelled. Further improvement in labelling, by providing the concentration of chemicals, may facilitate products to be purchased both locally and within the global market, when travelling or on the internet.