Non-communicable chronic diseases: The role of neonatal characteristics

Background: Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are still the major cause of mortality and morbidity in young adults. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of neonatal characteristics on NCD development. Methods: A questionnaire was assessed to evaluate the influence of cesarean section (CS), breastfeeding and prematurity on devel- opment of some NCDs. The questionnaire was distributed through an online form. Results: We received 6,379 responses. According to data, CS was not associated with the development of asthma and allergies, celiac disease, type I and II diabetes or obesity and a tendency to be overweight. The study revealed an inverse association between breast- feeding and risk of asthma and allergies, type II diabetes, obesity and a tendency to be overweight. No association was found in relation to type I diabetes or celiac disease. Preterm birth was not associated with development of asthma and allergy, celiac disease or type I and II diabetes, but seems to have a protective role in the development of obesity. Conclusions: Many neonatal characteristics could influence the development of NCDs during life. These characteristics could have a direct or indirect influence on neonatal gut establishment with subsequent health implications later in life. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our conclusions.