Stem cells derived from parenchymal and connectival tissues in oro-maxillo-facial field

Stem cells derived from parenchymal and connectival tissues in oro-maxillo-facial field. Post-natal tooth stem cells are clonogenic, highly proliferative cells and capable to develop into cementoblast- like cells, adipocytes in vitro, and cementum/periodontal- like tissue in vivo. Recent findings suggest that these cells have many osteoblast- like properties, including the capacity to form mineralised nodules in vitro, expression of the bone-associated markers alkaline phosphatase and bone sialoprotein, and response to bone-inductive factors such as parathyroid hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and transforming growth factor beta-1. The presence of multiple cell types within oromaxillo- facial field has led to speculate that those tissue might contain progenitor cells that maintain tissue homoeostasis and regeneration of periodontal tissue. Several experiments have shown that human bone marrow dental pulp tissue and periodontal ligament contain post-natal stem cells that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts/odontoblasts.